GS-II covers Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International Relations. Key areas: Indian Constitution (evolution, features, amendments, basic structure); Federal structure, power devolution; Separation of powers, institutions; Constitutional comparisons; Parliament and legislatures; Executive and judiciary functioning; Constitutional bodies; Government policies and interventions; Development processes, NGO roles; Welfare schemes; Social sector management; Governance and accountability; Civil services role; International relations, bilateral and multilateral agreements.