Mission Surya – Day 4: Sickle Cell Disease, Sea Foam & CAR-T Therapy
Important science and environment topics including sickle cell disease, sea foam formation, algal blooms and CAR-T cell therapy.
18 February 2026
Day 4 covers key biology and environmental topics including genetic diseases, marine pollution indicators and modern cancer treatments.
Core Concepts
Sickle Cell Disease is a hereditary blood disorder caused by mutation in the beta-globin gene.
Sea foam forms due to agitation of organic matter such as proteins and lipids from algae and plankton.
Algal blooms occur due to nutrient enrichment leading to eutrophication and oxygen depletion.
CAR-T therapy is a cancer treatment where T-cells are genetically modified to attack cancer cells.
Mitochondria are the energy producing organelles responsible for ATP production.
Bharat Stage Emission Norms
• Bharat Stage norms regulate vehicular emissions in India.
• India skipped BS-V and directly implemented BS-VI standards in 2020.
• BS-VI drastically reduces sulphur content in fuel from 50 ppm to 10 ppm.
Quick Revision for Prelims
- • Sickle Cell Disease is a hereditary blood disorder caused by mutation in the beta-globin gene.
- • Sea foam forms due to agitation of organic matter such as proteins and lipids from algae and plankton.
- • Algal blooms occur due to nutrient enrichment leading to eutrophication and oxygen depletion.